Aromatic compounds between increased octane number of benzene and toxic effects

Abstract

There are a lot of problems facing the workers in fuel stations , rubber manufactures , oil refineries , which are dealing with Benzene  , Toluene , Xylene  such as Dangers of Aromatic compounds which have instant & future effects on employees heath. On  the other hand there is a direct relationship between these compound & octane as it increases the octane  No.

In this paper , Aromatic  Compounds separation has been studied from reformate & Iraqi gasoline , &  studying the resulted fuel efficiency so that a new approach has been achieved with less environmental  effect & with acceptable octane No.  ( ie: it decreases with no effect on its efficiency ) The separation process  carried out by adsorption method molecular sieves ( zeolite 13x ) as porous media , using & checking  its effect on octane No. & environment.

Adsorption is a selective collection & concentration of special types  of molecules in liquid & gas phase on adsorbent surfaces Zeolite is used because it is one of the adsorbents that has high adsorption capacity and selectivity ,  because it separates molecules according to the size & shape.

The principle of process depends on two methods : Component size & isolation ability depending on polarity .

The effect of Aromatic compounds concentration in fuel & octane no. are measured before & after separation process by porous media  as well as Zeolite surface area and wt of  porous media and its effect on adsorption efficiency have been studied . The optimum operation can be carried out when :-

1. fuel flow rate is 12.5 cc/min .
2. Zeolite column height is 25 cm .
3. residence time of reformat through the separation column was 3 min. with 30 ml of reformate & 4 min. for the same quantity of  gasoline . It had 

been found that decreasing of aromatic compounded from 50 to 44.1 in reformate  decrease the environmental effects for this substance with decreasing of octane No. from 92 to 9l which has no effete on the fuel efficiency as well as the decrease  in aromatic compound for gasoline from 36.6 to 28.3 accompanied by decreasing in octane No. from 82.3 to 80  .That means the decreasing ratio in octane no. is very low with respect to decreased environment effects for fuel this work will be completed with studying the separation of aromatic compounds from kerosene using other porous media .